IN 1911, A British scientist named C. T. R. Wilson was studying cloud formations bytramping regularly to the summit of Ben Nevis, a famously damp Scottish mountain, when itoccurred to him that there must be an easier way to study clouds. Back in the Cavendish Labin Cambridge he built an artificial cloud chamber—a simple device in which he could cooland moisten the air, creating a reasonable model of a cloud in laboratory conditions.

The device worked very well, but had an additional, unexpected benefit. When heaccelerated an alpha particle through the chamber to seed his make-believe clouds, it left avisible trail—like the contrails of a passing airliner. He had just invented the particle detector.

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