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"Kill your darlings "

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(一)

Stephen White 谈写作风格,说作家往往过份讲究文句之抑扬顿挫,陶醉在自己创造的文字声色之中。他说,有一位文章大家曾经下令写作的人必须忍痛杀掉笔下的一些心肝宝贝(“Kill your darlings ”)。文章里诱人的一字、一句、一段,往往只顾引人入胜而不守本份,读者於是叹为观止而忘其所以(“Words, sentences, paragraphs that call much attention to themselves are not doing the job they are intended to do. While the reader is paying them due reverence, he is likely to ignore the message they were meant to convey ”)。文体家沉浮字海数十年,必定身经千万次这种割爱之苦。艺术求“巧”,死练技术,经年累月,也许不难办到。求“拙”最不容易,以“巧”做根基,加上浓烈的看破世情的悟道之心,然后反璞,然后淡泊,然后不露经营,然后见“拙”。文章字句诱人是“巧”的功力;杀掉这些巧妙之处,为的正是追求就事论事、依情说情的“常道”。此中牵涉太多的阅历。路易十四的近亲Liselotte 书信集里说,才艺之士不宜太过饱学,反而不可不谙世故、通人情;人情世故书中学不到,全靠阅历(“ It is not at all suitable for people of great quality to be very learned, but highly necessary for them to know the world and be able to deal with people, and they can't learn that from books but only from experience ”)。

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